now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
kamishibai; storytelling with pictures; form of Japanese street theater and storytelling (popular from the 1930s to the 1950s)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
youngster; boy; young Buddhist monk; young bonze; young shop-boy; errand boy
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
brave figure; valiant figure; heroic figure; gallant figure
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise