serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
journal; magazine; periodical
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
older brother; elder brother
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
veneer board; plywood; joint publication
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right hand; right-hand side; right-hand direction; (on) the right
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
equation; formula; method for solving a problem; set way of achieving a particular result
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
left hand; left-hand side; left-hand direction; (on) the left
name; given name; first name
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
potato chips; potato crisps
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
withdrawal symptoms; abstinence syndrome
apple (fruit); apple tree (Malus pumila)
suitable; proper; appropriate; perfunctory; half-minded; sloppy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa