reasoning; inference; deduction; mystery or detective genre
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
process; course; mechanism
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
how; in what way; how about
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
police; police officer; police station
just like that; in the twinkling of an eye; in the blink of an eye; (lit.) in the time it takes to say "ah!"
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
management; dealing with; course of events; circumstances; end result (usu. bad); outcome
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
line; stripe; line (e.g. telephone line); wire; ray (e.g. X-ray); beam; line (e.g. of a railroad)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
should; must; -able; probably; likely
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to anyone; to everyone; by anyone; by everyone; in everyone; in anyone
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...