indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
offender; criminal; culprit
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
plural; multiple; several
even if; (it doesn't matter) whether (A or B or ...); whatever; should
sole; single; solo; independence; singleness; singularity
Japanese person; Japanese people
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
exceedingly; extremely; decisively
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
thinking; thought; idea; notion; intention; plan
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
like this; this sort; this way
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
imagination; supposition; guess
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
wicked person; evil person; scoundrel; bad thing; mischief
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
justice; right; righteousness; correct meaning; correct explanation
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become frightened; to be frightened (of); to be scared (of)
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to have a go; to try and do (something); to take a chance with something
to go crazy (esp. of a situation or thing); to get out of hand; to end up in an extreme state
adds force or indicates command
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody