indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
whereabouts; place; location; place where one belongs; where one fits in; place where one can be oneself
to take someone (to some place); to take someone along; to lead someone away
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
at once; immediately; right now
easy; simple; easygoing; lighthearted; simplistic
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)