indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
proxy; ringer; substitute; second serving of noodles (to add to previously purchased ramen)
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
violation; offense; offence; breach; transgression; infringement
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
disqualification; elimination; incapacity; being unfit for one's role; being a failure
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
punishment; penalty; penal regulations; penal code
close-cropped head; bald hill
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
written apology; written statement of regret
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial