junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
lead; leading; leading (in points, goals, etc.); getting ahead; lead (from a base); lead (of an article); lede
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
alternately; by turns; one after the other
part; assigning (allotment of) parts; role; duties
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
change; alternation; rotation; replacement; substitution; shift
while; during; while; although; all; both
floor; dance floor; sales floor; floor (of a building); storey
to advance (spatially); to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to move ahead (e.g. of work); to intensify
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
leader; leaders; dotted line; reader (textbook); reader (i.e. a person who reads); microreader
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to suit; to match; to become; to be like