inquiry; enquiry; hearing
observation; survey; watching
disposal; throwing away; dealing with (a problem); measure; punishment; penalty
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
special; particular; peculiar; unique
way; method; means; (technical) specification
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
double; twice (as much); times (as much); -fold; 1-nth; 1 to n
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
amplification (elec.); magnification; amplification; making larger
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
by means of; due to; because of; according to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
chores; odd jobs; miscellaneous affairs; miscellaneous expenses
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result); good luck; auspiciousness; unspecified day of the month (used to obscure the date a letter, invitation, etc. was written)
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to hang; to suspend; to lower; to reduce; to demote; to move back
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to work (someone) hard; to push (someone) around
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very