indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hazy; dim; faint; minced fish or meat that is seasoned and fried
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
Iga (former province located in the west of present-day Mie Prefecture)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
adds force or indicates command
carapace; shell; 1st in rank; grade A; instep; back of hand
congratulation; celebration
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to be called; to do
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...