indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
carapace; shell; 1st in rank; grade A; instep; back of hand
congratulation; celebration
hazy; dim; faint; minced fish or meat that is seasoned and fried
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
adds force or indicates command
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
heat haze; shimmer of hot air
Iga (former province located in the west of present-day Mie Prefecture)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to say; to be called; to do
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
at least; at most; (even) just