indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
Iga (former province located in the west of present-day Mie Prefecture)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hazy; dim; faint; minced fish or meat that is seasoned and fried
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
carapace; shell; 1st in rank; grade A; instep; back of hand
congratulation; celebration
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
Ministry of Justice (in Tang-dynasty China)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to say; to be called; to do
other; another; over; more than; I; me
heat haze; shimmer of hot air
folding book; counter for units of paper and nori (48 pages of Mino paper; 20 pages of hanshi; 10 sheets of nori); counter for folding books, folding screens, shields, etc.; counter for pairs (of curtains); counter for tatami mats
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
honorific/polite/humble prefix
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
adds force or indicates command
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity