indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
palatial residence; stately mansion
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
religion; religious affiliation; belief; religious activity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fit; to get into; to be fit for (a job, etc.); to be suited for; to fall into; to plunge into
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
property; fortune; assets
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to support (someone) financially; to finance; to supply (money); to present (money or gifts) to a monarch (feudal lord, etc.)
the place for; the time for; the level of
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
large (amount of money); huge; hefty; expensive
debt; loan; liabilities; borrowing money
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to carry on one's back; to be burdened with; to take responsibility for; to have (something) in the background; to be in front (of something); to be conceited
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
sunset; sundown; end; close; year-end; end of the year
formation; establishment; conclusion (e.g. of a deal); reaching (e.g. an agreement); being valid (of a theory, argument, etc.); holding
father; dad; husband; you; he
to take into one's possession; to receive; to take into one's care (e.g. person, pet); to take custody of; to leave; to go away
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to lend; to loan; to rent out; to hire out
once; for a short time; briefly; (arch.) one morning
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate