indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
blade; sword; forged blade; wavy pattern on forged blades; sharpness; unhulled rice
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan); sappanwood dye (red in colour); layered colour (light brown on the front, dark red beneath)
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
other; another; over; more than; I; me
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest