indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
star (usu. excluding the Sun); planet (usu. excluding Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); asterisk; star (actor, player, etc.); dot; spot
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
to make progress; to develop; to evolve (method, style, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to build; to construct; to erect; to build up (a reputation, position, fortune, etc.); to establish (a relationship, household, tradition, etc.); to lay (a foundation)
to burn; to scorch; to char; to singe
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
such (about the actions of the listener, or about ideas expressed or understood by the listener); like that; that sort of
housework; domestic chores; family affairs; household matters
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
worm; insect; insignificant person; pathetic person
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
not exceeding ...; not more than ...; below (a standard, level, etc.); under; the following; the below-mentioned
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
plentifully; amply; loosely; with room to spare; a good (e.g. two weeks, ten kilometres); a full
to come to know; to perceive; to realize; to realise; to become aware (of)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
jealousy; regarding with jealousy
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne