indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
star (usu. excluding the Sun); planet (usu. excluding Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); asterisk; star (actor, player, etc.); dot; spot
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
to make progress; to develop; to evolve (method, style, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to build; to construct; to erect; to build up (a reputation, position, fortune, etc.); to establish (a relationship, household, tradition, etc.); to lay (a foundation)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
(sound of) footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
breath; sign (of something new and fresh); breath (of spring, fresh air, etc.); vitality
heart; guts; nerve; heart (of something); central part
beat; palpitation; pulsation; throbbing
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
the underworld; the other world; realm of the dead; Hades
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
toast; congratulatory cup
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
jaw; chin; barb (of a fishhook)
noisy; loud; much talked of; much-discussed; strict; severe
(verbal) abuse; denunciation; disparagement; vilification; scathing criticism