serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
study; diligence; discount; reduction
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
taking an examination (esp. school and university entrance)
cruelty; hard-heartedness
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to run into (room, building, etc.); to go for long training runs
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
oar; all; (pulling an) all-nighter; staying up all night long
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
than; other than; except; but
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
father; dad; husband; you; he
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
in that way; thus; so; so?
adds force or indicates command
ordinary; common; commonplace; mediocre; unremarkable; undistinguished
rail (track); (curtain) rail; track (for a sliding door); groundwork; spadework
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
individuality; personality; quirk; idiosyncrasy; character; individual characteristic
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to