indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in that way; thus; so; so?
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
mud; slush; (wet) dirt; thief
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
standing by; awaiting an opportunity; being on alert
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
clanging; empty; deserted
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
advance guard; vanguard; athlete who competes in the first match of a team competition (kendo, judo, etc.)
while it may be true that; just because; nevertheless; not necessarily
covering; protection; backing; relief
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
forever; for good; eternally; as long as one likes; indefinitely; no matter what
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
will; intent; desire; will; testament