indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come into being; to be born
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
looking; viewing; (please) try (to)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to wake up (someone; by calling out); to awaken; to bring back (e.g. memories); to evoke; to recall
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to rush on; to attack; to swoop down on
repulse; repelling (e.g. the enemy); driving back
another meeting; meeting again; reunion
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
altitude; height; elevation; high-degree; high-grade; advanced
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
output (electrical, signal, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...