indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come into being; to be born
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
looking; viewing; (please) try (to)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to wake up (someone; by calling out); to awaken; to bring back (e.g. memories); to evoke; to recall
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
strength; power; proficiency; ability
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
agglutination; adhesion; fusion; combination; blending; uniting
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
community; circles; kingdom; erathem; field (electrical); border
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
shot (in films); shot (of alcohol); hitting a ball (e.g. in tennis); shoot (in basketball)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till