indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
long ago; once upon a time
although I say; although one might say; although called
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
incident; affair; happening; event
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
many; a lot; much; multitude
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
conspicuously; noticeably; remarkably; especially; particularly
to be crowded with people; to be bustling with; to prosper; to flourish; to do thriving business
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
astringent; bitter; austere; elegant (and unobtrusive); sour (look); glum
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
street; quarter; district; area
(earthenware) mortar (for grinding)
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
to live (of animals); to inhabit; to nest
to breathe out; to breathe; to tell (a lie); to use (foul language); to vomit; to throw up
several; a number of; quantity; amount; counting; figures; number