indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
animation; animated film; animated cartoon; anime
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
name; given name; first name
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to be found; to be discovered
story; tale; talk; discussion
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to catch; to capture; to catch hold of (someone); to stop (e.g. a stranger in the street); towards (someone); at (someone)
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember