indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
woman textile worker; Vega (star in the constellation Lyra); Alpha Lyrae
two persons; two people; pair; couple
Altair (star in the constellation Aquila); Alpha Aquilae
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
Star Festival (held in July or August); Tanabata; Festival of the Weaver
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
God; god; ace; king; superior person
seventh day of the month; seven days
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
wish; dream; prayer; one's desire
long, narrow strip of paper on which Japanese poems are written (vertically); tanzaku; thin rectangle
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
very hard; with utmost effort; as hard as one can; with all one's might; for dear life; eagerly