indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
please (give me); please (do for me)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
pedestrian crossing; crosswalk
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
signal; signalling; signaling; traffic light; traffic signal
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
boy; son; baby boy; young man
two sheets (pieces) (of paper)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
facing; opposite; across the street; other side
spot the difference (puzzle); photo hunt
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
to compare; to make a comparison; to compete; to vie
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red