indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
video (esp. digital); video clip; animation; animated cartoon; in-betweens (animation)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
script (for a TV show, film, etc.); script (printed type imitating handwriting); script
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
furigana; kana over or beside kanji to indicate pronunciation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
for example; for instance; e.g.
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
looking up (e.g. a word in a dictionary); retrieval (e.g. data); searching for; referring to
site (usu. website); sight; payable on sight
elementary level; beginner level
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
(some) more; even more; longer; further
please (give me); please (do for me)
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
certainly; without fail; right and wrong; pros and cons
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
space (room, area, outer space)