car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
operation (of a machine, etc.); operating; driving; working (capital, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to hit (e.g. one's head); to strike; to throw (e.g. a ball, a question, a demand); to express; to vent (e.g. one's anger)
weekday; ordinary days (i.e. non-holiday); kanji radical 73
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
now; the present time; just now; another; more
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
(some) more; even more; longer; further
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
to have a talk; to tell a story
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
in comparison to; rather than
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout