indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
honorific/polite/humble prefix
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)