indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
now; the present time; just now; another; more
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to feel; to sense; to experience
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
two persons; two people; pair; couple
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl