barbarian;  savage;  foreigner
 Four Barbarians;  derogative name for various ancient non-Chinese peoples bordering ancient China
 China and foreign countries (from the perspective of China);  civilized land and uncivilized land
 parajika (rules entailing expulsion from the sangha for life)
 (in China) 9th note of the ancient chromatic scale (approx. A sharp);  seventh lunar month
 to control foreigners by foreigners;  to play one barbarian state against another
 late Edo-period pejorative for the Dutch; (lit.) red-haired barbarian
 barbaric custom;  barbarian custom