① ある人やものが持っている特徴が、2時点を比較したときに、同一の形状をなしていないこと。② 格によって語形を変えること。格変化。③ 立合いで、相手と正面からぶつからず右または左によけること。注文。
① 人間がその歴史において形成してきた慣習、営みの総称。カルチャー。場合により哲学・芸術・学問・信仰など人間の精神的営みと、その成果を指す。② 他の語彙の前に付いて、ハイカラ・便利・新式などの意を表す。 文明開化。
disabling; invalidation; nullification; vitiation
petrifaction; petrification; mineralization; mineralisation; lithification; fossilization
① 異なる思想などを同じにしたり、させたりすること。② 知識などを自分のものにすること。③ 音変化で、ある音が隣接する音の影響を受けて、同じ音または一部共通する音に変わること。④ 生物がエネルギーを失う際に起こす反応⑤ 心理学で、環境を自分の中に取り入れること⑥ 社会学で、個人や集団が他の個人や集団の感情などを習得することで経験などを共有すること。⑦ マグマが、岩石などを取り込んで一つの物質に変化させること
① 物質が反応する機能が高まること。また、高めること。賦活化。② 社会・組織などの活動が活発になること。また、活発にすること。
① 物質の性質や反応を研究する自然科学の一分野。② 1 について教える高等学校の理科の科目。
embodiment; realization; materialization
substantiation; materialization; materialisation; (specific to object language classes) instantiation
fossil; petrifaction; petrification; fossilization
① 硬くなること。② 強硬な意見・態度になること。③ 相場が上がり気味になること。
hanky-panky; juggling; cheating; deception; smoke and mirrors
beautification; glorification
① 岩石が、雨・風・微生物に晒されて、徐々に破壊されていくこと。② ある出来事についての記憶や感情が、時を経るごとに弱まって、消えていくこと。特に戦争やテロなど悲惨な事件に対して用いられる。③ 他者を良い方向に教え導くこと。風教。
turning a comic, novel, etc. into an animated movie or TV series; making an animated version
① ある状態から別の状態に変わること。② 蔗糖が加水分解され、果糖と葡萄糖になること。
making practical; making useful; implementing
mechanization; mechanisation; computerization
intensification; aggravation
optimization; optimisation
aging; wearing out; deterioration
visualization (data, results, etc.); visualisation; making something visible (that was previously unseen)
① それまで言葉による表現・説明がされて来なかったもの、あるいはできなかったものを、言葉で表現すること。
calming down; quieting down
emergence (of insects); eclosion; growing wings
① 単純・等質なものが複雑・異質なものに分かれること。② 特殊化していない細胞や組織などの形態や機能が変化し、特殊化したものになること。
softening; softening (of attitude); mollification; weakening (of the market); blanching (e.g. of vegetables; by depriving of light)
initialization; initialisation; formatting; resetting
miniaturization; miniaturisation; downsizing
making efficient; optimization
increase in activity; activation
① 物質が酸素と結びついて酸化物を与える化学反応。② 化学種が電子を失う化学反応。あるいは、酸化数が増える化学反応。
deification; apotheosis; wondrous change; great moral influence
making (book, etc.) into film; making a screen version; adapting for the screen
quantification; expressing in numerical form; conversion to numerical form
commercialization (e.g. product); commodification
regularization; regularisation; getting up speed; proceeding at full tilt
coming to a head; coming to the surface; becoming an issue; breaking
generalization; generalisation; popularization; to generalize; to generalise; to popularize
appropriation; misappropriation; making one's own
① 組織の体制などが、民主的になること。ひとりが強い権限を持つ体制から、多くの人が平等に権限を持てるようにすること。
organization; organisation; systematization; systematisation
novelizing; novelising; adapting a movie, game, etc. into a book
becoming a mere shell; becoming a dead letter; losing (one's) substance; being reduced to a formality
① 女性一人が生涯に出産する子供の人数が減ったことに伴い、国の総人口に対する割合が少なくなること。
digitization; digitalization
rationalization; rationalisation; rationalize; rationalise
being actualized; becoming apparent; becoming tangible; surfacing
subdivision; segmentation; fractionalization; fragmentation
different culture; foreign culture
stabilization; stabilisation
increase in speed, acceleration
calming down; quieting down
systematization; systematisation; organization; organisation
becoming more serious or severe; aggravation; intensification
becoming dull; slowing down
imperial influence; assimilation of new territory
stipulation; stating clearly; documenting in writing; stating explicitly
visualization; visualisation
benighted lands outside of imperial influence
electronization; digitization; computerization
male-to-female gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
fortifying; fortification
going feral (of a species); reverting to wild; escape
popularization; popularisation
turning (a comic, novel, etc.) into a serialized TV-show; dramatization
unification; centralization; integration; drawing things together; working out a common policy; consolidation
depopulation; declining population
live-action adaptation (of a cartoon or animated movie)
clarification; definition
idealization; idealisation
① 植生に覆われた土地が植物の育たない土地になってゆく現象。
population ageing (aging)
changing into cash; encashment; cashing
industrialization; industrialisation; establishing a production system; putting something into production
maximization; maximisation
feminization; feminisation
modelling (e.g. a system, etc.)
colonization; colonisation
normalization (of a social problem, of a situation, etc.)
liberalization; liberalisation; freeing
aggravation (of an illness); exacerbation; worsening
making obligatory; making compulsory
homogenization; homogenisation
averaging; levelling (off); equalization; standardization; balance
legalization; legalisation
Japanization; Japanisation
① 二種類以上の元素が化学反応により結合し、新しい物質を生じること。
radicalization; radicalisation; intensification; aggravation; sharpening (e.g. of an image); narrowing (of a peak)
computerization; computerisation
urbanization; urbanisation
getting stuck in a rut; becoming stereotyped
bleaching; whitening; chlorosis; albinism
minimization; minimisation
becoming cancerous; canceration
① 体型を小さくすること。② 実態よりも小さく見せること。本質的でない部分を強調して、些末にすること。
internationalization; internationalisation; i18n (in IT)
standardization; standardisation
sanctification; consecration
destabilization; destabilisation
systematisation; systematization
privatization; privatisation
becoming aware (of); becoming conscious (of); realization; conscientization; (formation of) critical consciousness
caricaturing; turning a movie, novel, etc. into a manga; making a comic version of something
① 思考、議論などに便利なように、物事や論点を整理すること。抽象化すること。
obsolescence; becoming obsolete (of a product, etc.)
turning a movie, comic, etc. into a (computer) game; gamification
restoration; return to health
① 体制、政策、方針などが中身のない形式だけのものになること。② 企業が生産を海外に移すことにより、国内の産業や経済が低下すること。③ 人が郊外に移ることにより、都心部の人口が減少すること。
standardization; standardisation; normalization (e.g. in maths)
standardization; manualization; compiling into a manual; formalization
quantization; quantisation; quantizing
symbolization; coding; encoding
systematic implementation; institutionalization (e.g. way, method)
specialization; specialisation
① 様式や方式が一つに定まること。② 論理が一貫するような厳密な言葉遣いで表現すること。③ 記号や数式で表現すること。
leveling; levelling; equalization; alleviation (e.g. of unemployment); harmonization
full automation; becoming unmanned; making (something) unmanned
bipolarization; bipolarisation
increase in sophistication; enhancement of functionality; increase in speed; upgrading
masculinization; virilization
moving into the black; becoming profitable
turning into a brand; branding
labor saving; labour saving
making (information) into a database; creating a database (from information); entering into a database
socialization; socialisation
animalization; animalisation
increase in the average age of marriage
industrialization; industrialisation; commercialization
① 広大なる化導。大なる徳化。徳を以て大いに導き、人心をよき方向にかえること。
improvement; amelioration
unification; centralization; centralisation
impersonation; personification
desalination; desalinization; desalting
objectivization; viewing objectively
standardization; standardisation
stylization; to stylize; to conventionalize
adopting (novel, etc.) for the theatre (theater)
standardization; uniformalization
make an issue or problem of something; something becoming a problem or issue
homogenization (e.g. milk)
individualization; individualisation
centralization of power; centralisation of power
commercialization; commercialisation
incorporation; conversion to a corporation; privatization (of a previously public body)
① 教え感化すること。② 不純なものを取り除き純粋にすること。
turning into a slum; becoming run-down; slumism; slumification
popularization; popularisation
stratification; hierarchization; layering; tiering
conversion to sugar; saccharification
① ヨーロッパ風にすること。② ヨーロッパ風、アメリカ風にすること。「欧化主義、欧化政策」
becoming cancerous; canceration
① システムの構造や業務の運用などの主に無形のものについて、外部の関係者・第三者などから、内容を把握できるようにすること。
becoming part of the standard inventory (of a product); becoming popular
industrialization; industrialisation
toughening the law; making the law stricter
conservative swing; drift to the right; rightward trend
becoming cancerous; canceration
securitization; securitisation
① 音変化で、ある音が隣接する音の影響を受けて、別の音に変わること。② 生物がエネルギーを得る際に起こす反応③ 心理学で、違いの大きい2つのものを近づけると違いがさらに際立つこと④ ロシアフォルマリズムで、日常を異質なものに変化させること⑤ 異化効果
westernization; westernisation
virtualization; virtualisation
secularization; secularisation; popularization; popularisation
classifying in patterns; typification
legislating; legislation; passage of a bill into law
becoming the objective; setting as a goal
putting online (services, administrative functions, etc.); going online; digitalization; digitization
slimming down; scaling back; thinning; streamlining; retrenchment
① 時代遅れになった物事を現代に相応しいものに変えること。
duplication; to make redundant
ideation; process of forming and relating ideas; to ideate
nullification; annihilation
equalization; equalisation
company split-up; spinning off of a separate company
manpower reduction; personnel saving
nationalization; nationalisation
robotization; robotizing; automation
simplification; unification
female-to-male gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
transition to domestic production; import substitution
decryption; decipherment; decoding
dramatization; dramatisation
age lowering; reduction in age
becoming a permanent resident; becoming permanently settled; domiciliation
computerization; computerisation
computerization; computerisation
commercialization; commercialisation
mechanization; mechanisation
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
(lit.) doughnut phenomenon; combination of urban sprawl and inner-city decay
commercialization; commercialisation
recurrence relation; recurrence formula
making something freely available (information, access to a competition, etc.)
Galapagosization; phenomenon of companies becoming overly specialized in developing products for the domestic market
militarization; militarisation
banning (e.g. an organization); making something illegal
applied chemistry; adaptation
changing from free to paid (e.g. a service); starting to charge
communization; communisation
commoditization; commodification
westernization; westernisation
influencing people by one's virtue
vocalization; vocalisation; voicing
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
localisation; localization; L10n (in IT)
important intangible folk culture asset
microminiaturization; micro-miniaturization
bureaucratization; bureaucratisation
acclimatization; naturalization; acclimation
burying; underground installation (cables, etc.)
dividing into blocks; becoming a bloc; forming a bloc
customization; customisation
normalization (e.g. in floating-point representation system); normalisation; standardization; standardisation
incorporation; assimilation; internalization; making part of oneself
keratinization; cornification
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
sampling (e.g. in signal processing)
simplification; simplifying
militarization; militarisation
demutualization; becoming incorporated
assimilation; incorporation
putting in order; systemize; systemise
layering; stratification; sheafification
rationalization (modifying part of an irrational expression, esp. denominators, to exclude roots or irrational numbers)
multilingualization; multilingualisation; localization; localisation
decentralization (of power); decentralisation
electrification (esp. in the auto industry)
writing into law; codification; enacting
merchant class culture that flourished in Edo during the Bunka-Bunsei period
extreme population aging (ageing)
putting into print; setting in type; printing; publishing
gelling agent; gellatinizing agent; setting agent; gellant
caramelization; caramelisation
staging a story; filming a story
iconization; minimization
vacuolation; vacuolization
integration, e.g. of electronic components into integrated circuits
organizational inertia; organisational inertia
leftward shift; liberal trend
urbanization control area; urban control area
plotting (of maps); mapping; compilation
rationalization (modifying part of an irrational expression, esp. denominators, to exclude roots or irrational numbers)
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
Americanization; Americanisation
objectification; objectifying
McDonaldization (institutions in society becoming standardized and focused on efficiency and predictability)
shift away from manufacturing to an information and service-based economy; softening; release (e.g. of a movie) on home video (e.g. DVD, BD, VHS)
individualization (of a task or job; as opposed to standardization); personalization
polarization; polarisation; lining up with
increase in the level of academic achievement; popularisation of higher education
damping; muffling; noise-reduction
diagonalisation; diagonalization
personalization; personalisation; product stopping being a luxury item
instantiation (in object-oriented programming)
canonization (in a textual sense)
becoming more difficult (e.g. exam); increasing difficulty
tendency to not get married; declining marriage rate
giving guidance; explaining
recycling; resource recovery
randomized controlled trial
hanky-panky; juggling; cheating; deception; smoke and mirrors
cell encapsulation; conversion into cells
decryption; decipherment; decoding
adapting for TV; television adaptation
commoditization; commodification
increase in the average age of childbirth
objectification; objectifying
objectification; objectifying
caramelization; caramelisation
① 広い範囲に共通して適用できるようにすること。一般化。普遍化。
standardization; standardisation
time division multiplexing; TDM
transformation of the population of Japan into idiots (because of television)
normalization; offering people with disabilities the same conditions as other people
unification-based formalisms
benevolent rule of a gracious sovereign
demythologization; demythicization
vocalization; vocalisation
change toward a borderless world; development of a borderless world
depalatalization (e.g. dropping small kana in borrowing foreign words into Japanese); depalatalisation
binary-coded decimal notation
binary-coded decimal code
binary coded decimal; BCD
rendering plant for livestock carcasses
sustained virological response; SVR
binary-coded decimal representation
isomerization; isomerisation
Westernization of food; Westernization of dietary habits
gelatinization; gelatinisation
changing something to full remote control
racemization; racemisation
potassium ferricyanide (C6FeK3N6)
digitization; digitisation; digital transformation; modernizing (society, etc.) with the use of IT
polyvinylidene fluoride; polyvinylidene difluoride; PVDF
subcategorization; subcategorisation
orthogonalized plane wave; OPW
moving to a market-oriented economy; market-oriented economic reform
randomized controlled trial
phosphine; phosphane; diphosphine; diphosphane; solid hydrogen phosphides (a yellow powder)
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
(high) tariff protection; tariff jumping
ortho-normalization; ortho-normalisation
oxidative phosphorylation
multipolarization; multipolarisation
motorization; motorisation
subnormal number; denormal number; denormalized number
regularisation; regularization
oxidative phosphorylation
phosphine; phosphane; diphosphine; diphosphane; solid hydrogen phosphides (a yellow powder)
high capacity; high load capacity; high load carrying capacity
high capacity; high load capacity; high load carrying capacity
romanisation; romanization; transcribing into the Latin script
encryption; coding; password
normalization; normalisation
normalization; normalisation
stock conversion; conversion to stock
denuclearization; denuclearisation
(nuclear fuel) enrichment
area zoned for urbanization (urbanisation)
adding a penalty to a crime (e.g. fines, prison); penalizing a crime
one of the 72 climates (from the 11th of the second lunar month until the 15th)
time when moles transform into quails (second climate of the third month)
phonetic change; change in sound; shift in sound; sound change
striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis)
yellow stem borer (species of moth, Scirpophaga incertulas)