① 岩石が、雨・風・微生物に晒されて、徐々に破壊されていくこと。② ある出来事についての記憶や感情が、時を経るごとに弱まって、消えていくこと。特に戦争やテロなど悲惨な事件に対して用いられる。③ 他者を良い方向に教え導くこと。風教。
① 物質の性質や反応を研究する自然科学の一分野。② 1 について教える高等学校の理科の科目。
beautification; glorification
rationalization (modifying part of an irrational expression, esp. denominators, to exclude roots or irrational numbers)
cell encapsulation; conversion into cells
influencing people by one's virtue
fossil; petrifaction; petrification; fossilization
① 人間がその歴史において形成してきた慣習、営みの総称。カルチャー。場合により哲学・芸術・学問・信仰など人間の精神的営みと、その成果を指す。② 他の語彙の前に付いて、ハイカラ・便利・新式などの意を表す。 文明開化。
plotting (of maps); mapping; compilation
male-to-female gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
① ある人やものが持っている特徴が、2時点を比較したときに、同一の形状をなしていないこと。② 格によって語形を変えること。格変化。③ 立合いで、相手と正面からぶつからず右または左によけること。注文。
quantification; expressing in numerical form; conversion to numerical form
bleaching; whitening; chlorosis; albinism
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
① 異なる思想などを同じにしたり、させたりすること。② 知識などを自分のものにすること。③ 音変化で、ある音が隣接する音の影響を受けて、同じ音または一部共通する音に変わること。④ 生物がエネルギーを失う際に起こす反応⑤ 心理学で、環境を自分の中に取り入れること⑥ 社会学で、個人や集団が他の個人や集団の感情などを習得することで経験などを共有すること。⑦ マグマが、岩石などを取り込んで一つの物質に変化させること
optimization; optimisation
initialization; initialisation; formatting; resetting
becoming dull; slowing down
unification; centralization; integration; drawing things together; working out a common policy; consolidation
① 音変化で、ある音が隣接する音の影響を受けて、別の音に変わること。② 生物がエネルギーを得る際に起こす反応③ 心理学で、違いの大きい2つのものを近づけると違いがさらに際立つこと④ ロシアフォルマリズムで、日常を異質なものに変化させること⑤ 異化効果
① 硬くなること。② 強硬な意見・態度になること。③ 相場が上がり気味になること。
urbanization; urbanisation
privatization; privatisation
nullification; annihilation
disabling; invalidation; nullification; vitiation
petrifaction; petrification; mineralization; mineralisation; lithification; fossilization
① 物質が反応する機能が高まること。また、高めること。賦活化。② 社会・組織などの活動が活発になること。また、活発にすること。
substantiation; materialization; materialisation; (specific to object language classes) instantiation
embodiment; realization; materialization
turning a comic, novel, etc. into an animated movie or TV series; making an animated version
① ある状態から別の状態に変わること。② 蔗糖が加水分解され、果糖と葡萄糖になること。
making practical; making useful; implementing
intensification; aggravation
mechanization; mechanisation; computerization
calming down; quieting down
visualization (data, results, etc.); visualisation; making something visible (that was previously unseen)
aging; wearing out; deterioration
softening; softening (of attitude); mollification; weakening (of the market); blanching (e.g. of vegetables; by depriving of light)
① それまで言葉による表現・説明がされて来なかったもの、あるいはできなかったものを、言葉で表現すること。
① 単純・等質なものが複雑・異質なものに分かれること。② 特殊化していない細胞や組織などの形態や機能が変化し、特殊化したものになること。
emergence (of insects); eclosion; growing wings
making efficient; optimization
miniaturization; miniaturisation; downsizing
increase in activity; activation
deification; apotheosis; wondrous change; great moral influence
making (book, etc.) into film; making a screen version; adapting for the screen
① 物質が酸素と結びついて酸化物を与える化学反応。② 化学種が電子を失う化学反応。あるいは、酸化数が増える化学反応。
commercialization (e.g. product); commodification
regularization; regularisation; getting up speed; proceeding at full tilt
coming to a head; coming to the surface; becoming an issue; breaking
generalization; generalisation; popularization; to generalize; to generalise; to popularize
appropriation; misappropriation; making one's own
organization; organisation; systematization; systematisation
① 組織の体制などが、民主的になること。ひとりが強い権限を持つ体制から、多くの人が平等に権限を持てるようにすること。
novelizing; novelising; adapting a movie, game, etc. into a book
becoming a mere shell; becoming a dead letter; losing (one's) substance; being reduced to a formality
digitization; digitalization
subdivision; segmentation; fractionalization; fragmentation
being actualized; becoming apparent; becoming tangible; surfacing
① 女性一人が生涯に出産する子供の人数が減ったことに伴い、国の総人口に対する割合が少なくなること。
rationalization; rationalisation; rationalize; rationalise
stabilization; stabilisation
different culture; foreign culture
increase in speed, acceleration
systematization; systematisation; organization; organisation
stratification; hierarchization; layering; tiering
becoming more serious or severe; aggravation; intensification
stipulation; stating clearly; documenting in writing; stating explicitly
visualization; visualisation
imperial influence; assimilation of new territory
benighted lands outside of imperial influence
electronization; digitization; computerization
fortifying; fortification
going feral (of a species); reverting to wild; escape
turning (a comic, novel, etc.) into a serialized TV-show; dramatization
popularization; popularisation
idealization; idealisation
depopulation; declining population
clarification; definition
live-action adaptation (of a cartoon or animated movie)
① 植生に覆われた土地が植物の育たない土地になってゆく現象。
maximization; maximisation
changing into cash; encashment; cashing
industrialization; industrialisation; establishing a production system; putting something into production
becoming cancerous; canceration
population ageing (aging)
feminization; feminisation
colonization; colonisation
modelling (e.g. a system, etc.)
normalization (of a social problem, of a situation, etc.)
liberalization; liberalisation; freeing
averaging; levelling (off); equalization; standardization; balance
aggravation (of an illness); exacerbation; worsening
radicalization; radicalisation; intensification; aggravation; sharpening (e.g. of an image); narrowing (of a peak)
homogenization; homogenisation
making obligatory; making compulsory
legalization; legalisation
Japanization; Japanisation
turning a movie, comic, etc. into a (computer) game; gamification
computerization; computerisation
minimization; minimisation
getting stuck in a rut; becoming stereotyped
① 体型を小さくすること。② 実態よりも小さく見せること。本質的でない部分を強調して、些末にすること。
destabilization; destabilisation
internationalization; internationalisation; i18n (in IT)
standardization; standardisation
systematisation; systematization
sanctification; consecration
caricaturing; turning a movie, novel, etc. into a manga; making a comic version of something
restoration; return to health
① 二種類以上の元素が化学反応により結合し、新しい物質を生じること。
becoming aware (of); becoming conscious (of); realization; conscientization; (formation of) critical consciousness
① 思考、議論などに便利なように、物事や論点を整理すること。抽象化すること。
obsolescence; becoming obsolete (of a product, etc.)
① 体制、政策、方針などが中身のない形式だけのものになること。② 企業が生産を海外に移すことにより、国内の産業や経済が低下すること。③ 人が郊外に移ることにより、都心部の人口が減少すること。
standardization; manualization; compiling into a manual; formalization
symbolization; coding; encoding
standardization; standardisation; normalization (e.g. in maths)
specialization; specialisation
systematic implementation; institutionalization (e.g. way, method)
quantization; quantisation; quantizing
① 様式や方式が一つに定まること。② 論理が一貫するような厳密な言葉遣いで表現すること。③ 記号や数式で表現すること。
leveling; levelling; equalization; alleviation (e.g. of unemployment); harmonization
bipolarization; bipolarisation
full automation; becoming unmanned; making (something) unmanned
increase in sophistication; enhancement of functionality; increase in speed; upgrading
virtualization; virtualisation
turning into a brand; branding
masculinization; virilization
moving into the black; becoming profitable
labor saving; labour saving
making (information) into a database; creating a database (from information); entering into a database
improvement; amelioration
animalization; animalisation
socialization; socialisation
increase in the average age of marriage
industrialization; industrialisation; commercialization
unification; centralization; centralisation
homogenization (e.g. milk)
desalination; desalinization; desalting
impersonation; personification
standardization; uniformalization
standardization; standardisation
objectivization; viewing objectively
stylization; to stylize; to conventionalize
make an issue or problem of something; something becoming a problem or issue
adopting (novel, etc.) for the theatre (theater)
individualization; individualisation
centralization of power; centralisation of power
① 広大なる化導。大なる徳化。徳を以て大いに導き、人心をよき方向にかえること。
commercialization; commercialisation
incorporation; conversion to a corporation; privatization (of a previously public body)
turning into a slum; becoming run-down; slumism; slumification
① 教え感化すること。② 不純なものを取り除き純粋にすること。
becoming part of the standard inventory (of a product); becoming popular
popularization; popularisation
conversion to sugar; saccharification
computerization; computerisation
computerization; computerisation
① ヨーロッパ風にすること。② ヨーロッパ風、アメリカ風にすること。「欧化主義、欧化政策」
① システムの構造や業務の運用などの主に無形のものについて、外部の関係者・第三者などから、内容を把握できるようにすること。
toughening the law; making the law stricter
industrialization; industrialisation
conservative swing; drift to the right; rightward trend
putting online (services, administrative functions, etc.); going online; digitalization; digitization
westernization; westernisation
classifying in patterns; typification
securitization; securitisation
robotization; robotizing; automation
secularization; secularisation; popularization; popularisation
slimming down; scaling back; thinning; streamlining; retrenchment
acclimatization; naturalization; acclimation
duplication; to make redundant
female-to-male gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
legislating; legislation; passage of a bill into law
① 時代遅れになった物事を現代に相応しいものに変えること。
ideation; process of forming and relating ideas; to ideate
becoming the objective; setting as a goal
equalization; equalisation
company split-up; spinning off of a separate company
nationalization; nationalisation
decryption; decipherment; decoding
manpower reduction; personnel saving
simplification; unification
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
transition to domestic production; import substitution
dramatization; dramatisation
adapting for TV; television adaptation
age lowering; reduction in age
becoming a permanent resident; becoming permanently settled; domiciliation
commercialization; commercialisation
Americanization; Americanisation
making something freely available (information, access to a competition, etc.)
Galapagosization; phenomenon of companies becoming overly specialized in developing products for the domestic market
commercialization; commercialisation
(lit.) doughnut phenomenon; combination of urban sprawl and inner-city decay
militarization; militarisation
recurrence relation; recurrence formula
communization; communisation
burying; underground installation (cables, etc.)
banning (e.g. an organization); making something illegal
applied chemistry; adaptation
changing from free to paid (e.g. a service); starting to charge
westernization; westernisation
commoditization; commodification
commoditization; commodification
bureaucratization; bureaucratisation
microminiaturization; micro-miniaturization
dividing into blocks; becoming a bloc; forming a bloc
localisation; localization; L10n (in IT)
important intangible folk culture asset
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
increase in the average age of childbirth
vocalization; vocalisation; voicing
mechanization; mechanisation
customization; customisation
normalization (e.g. in floating-point representation system); normalisation; standardization; standardisation
shift away from manufacturing to an information and service-based economy; softening; release (e.g. of a movie) on home video (e.g. DVD, BD, VHS)
incorporation; assimilation; internalization; making part of oneself
objectification; objectifying
caramelization; caramelisation
caramelization; caramelisation
militarization; militarisation
sampling (e.g. in signal processing)
McDonaldization (institutions in society becoming standardized and focused on efficiency and predictability)
simplification; simplifying
putting in order; systemize; systemise
demutualization; becoming incorporated
keratinization; cornification
assimilation; incorporation
decentralization (of power); decentralisation
writing into law; codification; enacting
extreme population aging (ageing)
merchant class culture that flourished in Edo during the Bunka-Bunsei period
multilingualization; multilingualisation; localization; localisation
gelling agent; gellatinizing agent; setting agent; gellant
putting into print; setting in type; printing; publishing
electrification (esp. in the auto industry)
staging a story; filming a story
organizational inertia; organisational inertia
iconization; minimization
instantiation (in object-oriented programming)
integration, e.g. of electronic components into integrated circuits
vacuolation; vacuolization
urbanization control area; urban control area
leftward shift; liberal trend
layering; stratification; sheafification
personalization; personalisation; product stopping being a luxury item
diagonalisation; diagonalization
polarization; polarisation; lining up with
damping; muffling; noise-reduction
canonization (in a textual sense)
increase in the level of academic achievement; popularisation of higher education
① 広い範囲に共通して適用できるようにすること。一般化。普遍化。
giving guidance; explaining
recycling; resource recovery
becoming more difficult (e.g. exam); increasing difficulty
tendency to not get married; declining marriage rate
individualization (of a task or job; as opposed to standardization); personalization
randomized controlled trial
encryption; coding; password
normalization; normalisation
(high) tariff protection; tariff jumping
motorization; motorisation
regularisation; regularization
gelatinization; gelatinisation
vocalization; vocalisation
area zoned for urbanization (urbanisation)
standardization; standardisation
multipolarization; multipolarisation
subcategorization; subcategorisation
unification-based formalisms
changing something to full remote control
racemization; racemisation
ortho-normalization; ortho-normalisation
(nuclear fuel) enrichment
potassium ferricyanide (C6FeK3N6)
binary-coded decimal code
binary coded decimal; BCD
binary-coded decimal representation
binary-coded decimal notation
digitization; digitisation; digital transformation; modernizing (society, etc.) with the use of IT
romanisation; romanization; transcribing into the Latin script
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
time division multiplexing; TDM
high capacity; high load capacity; high load carrying capacity
high capacity; high load capacity; high load carrying capacity
orthogonalized plane wave; OPW
phosphine; phosphane; diphosphine; diphosphane; solid hydrogen phosphides (a yellow powder)
sustained virological response; SVR
isomerization; isomerisation
one of the 72 climates (from the 11th of the second lunar month until the 15th)
change toward a borderless world; development of a borderless world
time when moles transform into quails (second climate of the third month)
demythologization; demythicization
stock conversion; conversion to stock
oxidative phosphorylation
moving to a market-oriented economy; market-oriented economic reform
depalatalization (e.g. dropping small kana in borrowing foreign words into Japanese); depalatalisation
adding a penalty to a crime (e.g. fines, prison); penalizing a crime
benevolent rule of a gracious sovereign
denuclearization; denuclearisation
transformation of the population of Japan into idiots (because of television)
normalization; offering people with disabilities the same conditions as other people
subnormal number; denormal number; denormalized number
polyvinylidene fluoride; polyvinylidene difluoride; PVDF
Westernization of food; Westernization of dietary habits
randomized controlled trial
rendering plant for livestock carcasses