Meanings
Suffix
1. action of making something; -ification
Alt. forms
Pitch accent
Used in vocabulary (544 in total)
weathering; fading (of memories); efflorescence
chemistry
(suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
beautification; glorification
rationalization (modifying part of an irrational expression, esp. denominators, to exclude roots or irrational numbers)
cell encapsulation; conversion into cells
influencing people by one's virtue
fossil; petrifaction; petrification; fossilization
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
plotting (of maps); mapping; compilation
warming; global warming
male-to-female gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
quantification; expressing in numerical form; conversion to numerical form
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
assimilation; absorption; adaptation; assimilation; anabolism; assimilation (phonology)
optimization; optimisation
initialization; initialisation; formatting; resetting
becoming dull; slowing down
unification; centralization; integration; drawing things together; working out a common policy; consolidation
dissimilation; catabolism; dissimilation (phonology); defamiliarization (artistic technique); ostranenie
dollarization
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
hardening; vulcanization; hardening (of attitude, stance, etc.); stiffening; upturn (in the market); firming up
encryption; encipherment; password protection
urbanization; urbanisation
privatization; privatisation
encoding; coding
nullification; annihilation
rasterization
disabling; invalidation; nullification; vitiation
petrifaction; petrification; mineralization; mineralisation; lithification; fossilization
stimulation (e.g. of an economy); revitalization (e.g. of a town); rejuvenation; activation
embodiment; realization; materialization
substantiation; materialization; materialisation; (specific to object language classes) instantiation
unification; integration
justification; warrant
influence (on someone); inspiration
turning a comic, novel, etc. into an animated movie or TV series; making an animated version
change; transformation; inversion
swelling; enlargement
making practical; making useful; implementing
incubation; hatching
mechanization; mechanisation; computerization
intensification; aggravation
ageing; aging; senile deterioration
calming down; quieting down
crystallization
visualization (data, results, etc.); visualisation; making something visible (that was previously unseen)
aging; wearing out; deterioration
specialization; specialisation; differentiation
softening; softening (of attitude); mollification; weakening (of the market); blanching (e.g. of vegetables; by depriving of light)
verbalizing; putting into words
personification; anthropomorphization
emergence (of insects); eclosion; growing wings
miniaturization; miniaturisation; downsizing
making efficient; optimization
increase in activity; activation
simplification
automation
modernization; modernisation
deification; apotheosis; wondrous change; great moral influence
vaporization; vaporisation; evaporation
making (book, etc.) into film; making a screen version; adapting for the screen
commercialization (e.g. product); commodification
oxidation; oxidization
regularization; regularisation; getting up speed; proceeding at full tilt
suppuration; festering; coming to head
coming to a head; coming to the surface; becoming an issue; breaking
embodiment; materialization; actualization; realization; taking form; taking shape
generalization; generalisation; popularization; to generalize; to generalise; to popularize
appropriation; misappropriation; making one's own
complication
democratization; democratisation
organization; organisation; systematization; systematisation
simplification
deification
realization; realisation
education; enlightenment; civilization; civilisation; indoctrination
novelizing; novelising; adapting a movie, game, etc. into a book
becoming a mere shell; becoming a dead letter; losing (one's) substance; being reduced to a formality
declining birth rates; decrease in the number of children
digitization; digitalization
growth; metamorphosis
rationalization; rationalisation; rationalize; rationalise
being actualized; becoming apparent; becoming tangible; surfacing
subdivision; segmentation; fractionalization; fragmentation
purification; refining; simplification
differentiation
normalization; normalisation
lengthening
diversification
different culture; foreign culture
increase in speed, acceleration
stabilization; stabilisation
systematization; systematisation; organization; organisation
stratification; hierarchization; layering; tiering
becoming more serious or severe; aggravation; intensification
insourcing
imperial influence; assimilation of new territory
liquefaction; liquefy
stipulation; stating clearly; documenting in writing; stating explicitly
benighted lands outside of imperial influence
visualization; visualisation
identification (with)
electronization; digitization; computerization
externalization
liquefaction
increasing in size
mummification
bogging down; dragging on; turning into a quagmire; becoming mired in a mess
fortifying; fortification
going feral (of a species); reverting to wild; escape
turning (a comic, novel, etc.) into a serialized TV-show; dramatization
popularization; popularisation
digitization
depopulation; declining population
live-action adaptation (of a cartoon or animated movie)
idealization; idealisation
clarification; definition
fluoridation
desertification
publish in paperback
changing into cash; encashment; cashing
becoming cancerous; canceration
industrialization; industrialisation; establishing a production system; putting something into production
maximization; maximisation
chloride
feminization; feminisation
population ageing (aging)
making into a product
modelling (e.g. a system, etc.)
colonization; colonisation
normalization (of a social problem, of a situation, etc.)
liberalization; liberalisation; freeing
globalization; globalisation
aggravation (of an illness); exacerbation; worsening
making obligatory; making compulsory
homogenization; homogenisation
averaging; levelling (off); equalization; standardization; balance
legalization; legalisation
vitrification
Japanization; Japanisation
radicalization; radicalisation; intensification; aggravation; sharpening (e.g. of an image); narrowing (of a peak)
validation
domestication
bleaching; whitening; chlorosis; albinism
turning a movie, comic, etc. into a (computer) game; gamification
getting stuck in a rut; becoming stereotyped
computerization; computerisation
minimization; minimisation
popularization; popularisation
reduction (in size); shrinking; minimization; trivializing (an issue); making light of; playing down
internationalization; internationalisation; i18n (in IT)
standardization; standardisation
sanctification; consecration
novelizing; novelising
destabilization; destabilisation
systematisation; systematization
universalization
caricaturing; turning a movie, novel, etc. into a manga; making a comic version of something
becoming aware (of); becoming conscious (of); realization; conscientization; (formation of) critical consciousness
simplification
conceptualization; conceptualisation
obsolescence; becoming obsolete (of a product, etc.)
nationalization; nationalisation
standardization; manualization; compiling into a manual; formalization
restoration; return to health
chemical combination
standardization; standardisation; normalization (e.g. in maths)
making hollow; making meaningless; deindustrialization; deindustrialisation
fragmentation
internalization
quantization; quantisation; quantizing
symbolization; coding; encoding
programming
specialization; specialisation
systematic implementation; institutionalization (e.g. way, method)
formulation; formularization; formularisation
becoming chronic
leveling; levelling; equalization; alleviation (e.g. of unemployment); harmonization
objectification
full automation; becoming unmanned; making (something) unmanned
bipolarization; bipolarisation
virtualization; virtualisation
increase in sophistication; enhancement of functionality; increase in speed; upgrading
masculinization; virilization
moving into the black; becoming profitable
isolation
turning into a brand; branding
degradation; downfall
labor saving; labour saving
structuralization
making (information) into a database; creating a database (from information); entering into a database
improvement; amelioration
simplification
socialization; socialisation
animalization; animalisation
inactivation
increase in the average age of marriage
industrialization; industrialisation; commercialization
synthetic fiber; synthetic fibre; chemical fiber; chemical fibre
integration
voltinism
unification; centralization; centralisation
impersonation; personification
budgeting
desalination; desalinization; desalting
ionization; ionisation
objectivization; viewing objectively
standardization; standardisation
price reduction
stylization; to stylize; to conventionalize
adopting (novel, etc.) for the theatre (theater)
parallelization
standardization; uniformalization
Japanese localization
make an issue or problem of something; something becoming a problem or issue
calcification
homogenization (e.g. milk)
individualization; individualisation
documentation
keratinization
idolization; idolisation
commercialization; commercialisation
centralization of power; centralisation of power
Taika era (645.6.19-650.2.15)
monetization; monetizing
incorporation; conversion to a corporation; privatization (of a previously public body)
refinement; purification; gentle persuasion; winning over; influence
turning into a slum; becoming run-down; slumism; slumification
popularization; popularisation
Europeanization; Europeanisation; Westernization; Westernisation
multiplexing
conversion to sugar; saccharification
verbification; verbing
many changes
thicken; concentrate
visualization; rendering visible (e.g. a problem); digitization
diversification
toughening the law; making the law stricter
becoming part of the standard inventory (of a product); becoming popular
industrialization; industrialisation
computerization; computerisation
computerization; computerisation
conservative swing; drift to the right; rightward trend
codification
securitization; securitisation
robotization; robotizing; automation
westernization; westernisation
encapsulation
modularization
fluidization
putting online (services, administrative functions, etc.); going online; digitalization; digitization
secularization; secularisation; popularization; popularisation
giving shape to
classifying in patterns; typification
slimming down; scaling back; thinning; streamlining; retrenchment
motorization
acclimatization; naturalization; acclimation
legislating; legislation; passage of a bill into law
modernization; modernisation
ideation; process of forming and relating ideas; to ideate
duplication; to make redundant
duplication; redundancy
dwarfing; stunting
becoming the objective; setting as a goal
smoothing (e.g. numbers)
equalization; equalisation
encoding; codification
westernization
inactivity
potassium cyanide
company split-up; spinning off of a separate company
terraforming
nationalization; nationalisation
becoming its own goal
unification
manpower reduction; personnel saving
nominalization
simplification; unification
centralization
decryption; decipherment; decoding
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
transition to domestic production; import substitution
female-to-male gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
silicification
dramatization; dramatisation
decentralization
adapting for TV; television adaptation
age lowering; reduction in age
becoming a permanent resident; becoming permanently settled; domiciliation
dehumanization
commercialization; commercialisation
differentiation
Americanization; Americanisation
making something freely available (information, access to a competition, etc.)
Galapagosization; phenomenon of companies becoming overly specialized in developing products for the domestic market
commercialization; commercialisation
hydration
hydrogen cyanide
(lit.) doughnut phenomenon; combination of urban sprawl and inner-city decay
recurrence relation; recurrence formula
communization; communisation
burying; underground installation (cables, etc.)
banning (e.g. an organization); making something illegal
applied chemistry; adaptation
militarization; militarisation
quantification (logic)
changing from free to paid (e.g. a service); starting to charge
making permanent
aggravation
westernization; westernisation
poetization
commoditization; commodification
commoditization; commodification
composting
bureaucratization; bureaucratisation
impoverishment
microminiaturization; micro-miniaturization
dividing into blocks; becoming a bloc; forming a bloc
localisation; localization; L10n (in IT)
sterilization
important intangible folk culture asset
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
increase in the average age of childbirth
vocalization; vocalisation; voicing
mechanization; mechanisation
customization; customisation
normalization (e.g. in floating-point representation system); normalisation; standardization; standardisation
gelatinization
incorporation; assimilation; internalization; making part of oneself
objectification; objectifying
caramelization; caramelisation
caramelization; caramelisation
evil influence
militarization; militarisation
sampling (e.g. in signal processing)
synchronization
refinement; elaboration
marginalization
McDonaldization (institutions in society becoming standardized and focused on efficiency and predictability)
suburbanization
simplification; simplifying
objectification
objectification
putting in order; systemize; systemise
chemical engineering
bromination
iodization; iodisation
demutualization; becoming incorporated
keratinization; cornification
chemical seasoning
assimilation; incorporation
methylation
worsening
simplification
shift away from manufacturing to an information and service-based economy; softening; release (e.g. of a movie) on home video (e.g. DVD, BD, VHS)
acetylation
nitration
hydrogenation
modelling; modeling
lignification
lignification
indeclinable
oxygenation
decentralization (of power); decentralisation
writing into law; codification; enacting
Balkanization
extreme population aging (ageing)
merchant class culture that flourished in Edo during the Bunka-Bunsei period
multilingualization; multilingualisation; localization; localisation
gelling agent; gellatinizing agent; setting agent; gellant
putting into print; setting in type; printing; publishing
foregrounding
electrification (esp. in the auto industry)
staging a story; filming a story
organizational inertia; organisational inertia
parallel evolution
iconization; minimization
localization
adding of value
integration, e.g. of electronic components into integrated circuits
quantification
obfuscation
nasalization
vacuolation; vacuolization
Americanization
urbanization control area; urban control area
leftward shift; liberal trend
layering; stratification; sheafification
personalization; personalisation; product stopping being a luxury item
ossification
diagonalisation; diagonalization
polarization; polarisation; lining up with
cyclization; cyclisation
(speed) optimization
esterification
damping; muffling; noise-reduction
instantiation (in object-oriented programming)
multimedization
canonization (in a textual sense)
increase in the level of academic achievement; popularisation of higher education
acidification
generalization (psychology, linguistics, etc.)
giving guidance; explaining
recycling; resource recovery
becoming more difficult (e.g. exam); increasing difficulty
tendency to not get married; declining marriage rate
individualization (of a task or job; as opposed to standardization); personalization
randomized controlled trial
salinization
low carbonization
encryption; coding; password
enlargement; expansion
normalization; normalisation
(high) tariff protection; tariff jumping
motorization; motorisation
regularisation; regularization
transubstantiation
multiculturalism
nonassimilation
gelatinization; gelatinisation
vocalization; vocalisation
area zoned for urbanization (urbanisation)
standardization; standardisation
multipolarization; multipolarisation
subcategorization; subcategorisation
changing something to full remote control
scapegoating
alkylation
silver cyanide
mercury cyanide
sulfonation
halogenation
racemization; racemisation
ortho-normalization; ortho-normalisation
shrinking family (size)
(nuclear fuel) enrichment
chromic anhydride (CrO3)
potassium ferricyanide (C6FeK3N6)
potassium ferrocyanide
sulfur trioxide (SO3)
marginalization
binary-coded decimal code
binary coded decimal; BCD
binary-coded decimal representation
binary-coded decimal notation
segmentation
data materialization
digitization; digitisation; digital transformation; modernizing (society, etc.) with the use of IT
romanisation; romanization; transcribing into the Latin script
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
industry standardization
time division multiplexing; TDM
quantification theory
equalization
two stage configuration
high capacity; high load capacity; high load carrying capacity
high capacity; high load capacity; high load carrying capacity
orthogonalized plane wave; OPW
categorization
diazotization
phosphine; phosphane; diphosphine; diphosphane; solid hydrogen phosphides (a yellow powder)
fasciation
bulking
sustained virological response; SVR
isomerization; isomerisation
phase equalization
zinc selenide
one of the 72 climates (from the 11th of the second lunar month until the 15th)
change toward a borderless world; development of a borderless world
decontextualization
contextualization
time when moles transform into quails (second climate of the third month)
demythologization; demythicization
stock conversion; conversion to stock
oxidative phosphorylation
indexation
privatization
moving to a market-oriented economy; market-oriented economic reform
depalatalization (e.g. dropping small kana in borrowing foreign words into Japanese); depalatalisation
adding a penalty to a crime (e.g. fines, prison); penalizing a crime
caseation
benevolent rule of a gracious sovereign
sulfation; sulphation
denuclearization; denuclearisation
transformation of the population of Japan into idiots (because of television)
normalization; offering people with disabilities the same conditions as other people
Finlandization
Disneyfication
subnormal number; denormal number; denormalized number
labialization
palatalization
earthquake proofing
topicalization
linearization
simplified Chinese character
polyvinylidene fluoride; polyvinylidene difluoride; PVDF
glocalization
devoicing; unvoicing
Westernization of food; Westernization of dietary habits
salinization
randomized controlled trial
rendering plant for livestock carcasses
decarbonization
labialization
Examples (3 in total)
The Romans tried to civilize the ancient Britons.
Our chief concern should be the aging of society.
Should the Suez and Panama Canals be internationalized?