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① ものを腐らせたり病気の原因になったりする、悪い影響をもたらす細菌・ウイルス・菌類などのこと。雑菌。

disinfection; sterile filtration

oomycete; class oomycota; water mold

koji mold (Aspergillus oryzae)

mother (fungal colony used to start fermentation); starter culture; seed fungus

① 真正細菌のこと。原核生物のうち古細菌を除いたもの。→バクテリア (Bacteria)。② 原核生物の総称。真正細菌と古細菌が含まれる。→狭義の微生物 (Microbe)。

① 病気の原因となる細菌。

sterilised; sterilized; sterile; pasteurised; pasteurized; germ-free

fungal filament; hypha; hyphae

① キノコやカビなどを含む生物の分類群。生物学的には菌界に属する生物を指す。原核生物である細菌と区別するために、真菌（真菌類）とも呼ばれる。

antibacterial; antimicrobial

Helicobacter pylori

① 乳酸発酵のもととなる微生物などのこと。

tubercle bacillus; tuberculosis germ

plague bacillus (Yersinia pestis)

yeast cell

Escherichia coli (E. coli); colon bacterium

Trichophyton fungus (dermatophyte that causes ringworm, etc.)

① 病気の原因となる細菌。

antibiotic-resistant bacteria

mushroom bed

Bacillus anthracis (anthrax bacteria)

natto bacteria (Bacillus subtilis var. natto)

Clostridium botulinum (bacteria that causes botulism)

① 菌類に同じ。

good germ; good bacteria

actinomycete; actinomycetes; ray fungus

salmonella

Lactobacillus bifidus

pathogenic bacteria; bad bacteria; harmful bacteria

bacterial cell; fungus body

hay bacillus (Bacillus subtilis); grass bacillus

strain of microorganism

Clostridium tetani (tetanus bacillus)

bacterial strain

① 酵母に同じ。

putrefactive bacteria; putrefying bacteria; putrid bacteria; saprogen

coccus

Serratia marcescens

multidrug-resistant bacteria

mother (fungal colony used to start fermentation); starter culture; seed fungus

causative microorganism; pathogenic bacteria; pathogen

Legionella pneumophila (bacteria that causes Legionnaires' disease)

shigella (dysentery bacillus)

acetobacter; acetic acid bacteria

bacteria capable of causing food poisoning

myxomycete; slime mold

Bacillus cereus

root nodule bacteria

opportunistic pathogen

sclerotium

drug-resistant bacterium; drug-resistant bacteria

① 酪酸発酵のもととなる微生物などのこと。

typhoid bacillus

Salmonella typhi (bacteria that causes typhoid fever)

vibrio cholerae

filamentous fungus

meningococcus (Neisseria meningitidis)

ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea)

pyogenic bacteria; pus-producing bacteria

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (bacterium that causes diphtheria)

fairy ring; mushroom ring

Welch bacillus (Clostridium perfringens)

bacteriostasis; bacteriostatic

fermentation micro-organism; fermentative bacteria; zymocyte; fermentation germ

smut fungus (Microbotryum violaceum)

acid-fast bacterium

gram-negative bacteria

paratyphoid bacillus

Listeria monocytogenes

Mycobacterium leprae; the bacteria that causes Hansen's disease (leprosy)

poison mushroom

edible mushroom

live bacteria; live virus; viable fungus

① 病原体を体外に出すこと。

contaminant

mushroom poison

halobacteria

ascomycete; sac fungus

gram-positive bacteria

① アンモニアを亜硝酸に炭酸同化を行う微生物などのこと。

mycology; fungology

Clostridium botulinum (bacteria that causes botulism)

killed vaccine

fairy ring; mushroom ring

saprophytic fungus; saprophytic bacteria

downy mildew (disease)

methanogen

methanogen

achorion fungus

thrush fungus (Candida albicans)

Clostridium chauvoei (bacteria that causes blackleg)

anaerobic bacteria; anaerobe

Gartner's bacillus; form of salmonella that causes gastroenteritis in humans

nitrifying bacteria

① 亜硝酸を硝酸に炭酸固定を行う微生物などのこと。

edible mushroom

photogenic fungi; luminous fungi; Photobacterium

Burkholderia mallei (bacterium that causes glanders)

imperfect fungus; deuteromycete

actinomyces; actinomycetes; ray fungus

rice cake disease bacteria; blister blight bacteria

poisonous fungus; poisonous mushroom

Fungi; fungus kingdom

Lactobacillus casei (species of bacteria)

Lactobacillus gasseri (species of bacteria)

mycorrhiza

thermophilic bacteria; thermophile

thermophile

hyperthermophile

mycosis; fungal disease

① 朝に生えて夜に枯れるきのこ。② 寿命が短いもの。