1. step; stair; rung; (flight of) steps
二段ずつ飛ばして降りる。Skip two steps at a time when going down.
2. shelf; layer; tier
上の段にも、下のほうにも、なにも入っていなかった。There was nothing on the upper shelf, nor on the lower one.
3. grade; level; class
4. dan (degree of advanced proficiency in martial arts, go, shogi, etc.); rank
私、四段になったよ。I made fourth dan!
5. paragraph; passage
6. column (of print)
7. act (in kabuki, joruri, etc.); section; scene
8. row of the multiplication table (e.g. five times table)
次は八の段を言ってみよう。Next, let's try reciting the eight times table.
9. stage (in a process); phase; occasion; time; moment; situation
その段になってようやく、兵士は何かがおかしいのに気づく。It was only at that point that the soldier finally noticed that something was wrong.
10. matter; occasion
as ...の段
ご無礼の段、お許しください。Please forgive my rudeness.
11. degree; extent
as ...どころの段ではない, ...という段じゃない, etc.
12. counter for breaks in written language or speech