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① 名字と名。

① 結婚や養子縁組などにより改姓を行う以前の姓。

① 同一の姓。② 同一の氏族。

full name; family name

real or original name

to assume a new surname

change of one's family name; changed family name

birth; lineage; identity; background; provenance; origin

① 他人の姓。

the four great families of the age (esp. the Minamoto clan, the Taira clan, the Fujiwara clan and the Tachibana clan); varna (each of the four Hindu castes)

uji-kabane system; system of clans and hereditary titles (of the Yamato court)

revolution (change of dynasty) decreed by Heaven when the incumbent emperor is found lacking in moral virtue (old Chinese political thought)

① 僧の出家する前の姓。② 家柄。

① 日本人の氏で、単独でも氏として成り立つ語を複数組み合わせたもの。「阿倍」と「引田」から「阿倍引田」など。② 漢民族の姓で、複数の文字から成るもの。「諸葛」など。

different surname; different family name

one's current family name; woman's family name after she married

trend; course of action; directionality; directivity; directional; vectorial

mother's family name

former surname; original surname

① （古用）庶民、一般の人民。

Chinese surname; Chinese family name