trend; course of action; directionality; directivity; directional; vectorial
birth; lineage; identity; background; provenance; origin
(full) name; family name and given name
one's original family name; maiden name
change of one's family name; changed family name
the four great families of the age (esp. the Minamoto clan, the Taira clan, the Fujiwara clan and the Tachibana clan); varna (each of the four Hindu castes)
uji-kabane system; system of clans and hereditary titles (of the Yamato court)
revolution (change of dynasty) decreed by Heaven when the incumbent emperor is found lacking in moral virtue (old Chinese political thought)
secular surname (of a priest)
two-character surname (in China); compound surname; family name consisting of two combined names (in ancient Japan)
different surname; different family name
one's current family name; woman's family name after she married
former surname; original surname
Chinese surname; Chinese family name