Emishi; historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
expel the barbarians; expulsion of the foreigners; late Edo period (19th century) revolutionary slogan
(arch.) peoples formerly of northern Japan with distinct language and culture (i.e. the Ainu); provincial (i.e. a person who lives far from the city); brutish, unsophisticated warrior (esp. used by Kyoto samurai to refer to samurai from eastern Japan); foreigner; barbarian
commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians; great, unifying leader
incendiary bomb; firebomb
Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands); Edo-period realm of the Ainu (as opposed to the Japanese) comprising most of Hokkaido
burning (something) away; burning (something) down
revere the Emperor; expel the western barbarians (19th century slogan)
(arch.) warrior from the eastern parts of Japan; eastern barbarians; people east of China (from the perspective of China)
principle of excluding foreigners (late Edo period)
revere the Emperor; expel the western barbarians (19th century slogan)
defeating barbarians (esp. the Emishi); conquering barbarians
barbarian; savage; foreigner
kobus magnolia; Magnolia praecocissima; Magnolia kobus
loyalty to the emperor and expulsion of the foreigners
fete in honor of Ebisu (honour)
China and foreign countries (from the perspective of China); civilized land and uncivilized land
Four Barbarians; derogative name for various ancient non-Chinese peoples bordering ancient China
appearing rustic; ancient song played at the court; comical tanka
parajika (rules entailing expulsion from the sangha for life)
to control foreigners by foreigners; to play one barbarian state against another
controlling foreigners by foreigners; playing one barbarian state against another
barbarians to the east and to the west (from the perspective of old China)
(in China) 9th note of the ancient chromatic scale (approx. A sharp); seventh lunar month
China aster (Callistephus chinensis); Chinese aster; annual aster
upasika (devout female lay follower of Buddhism)
(in Japanese history) crude warrior from the eastern parts of the country; wild man
Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis); Jezo spruce
Magnolia praecocissima; shidekobushi Magnolia kobus
Lyristes japonicus (species of cicada)
Ebisu; god of fishing and commerce
Hokkaido squirrel (subspecies of red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris orientis)
Hokkaido sika (deer) (Cervus nippon yesoensis); Yezo sika
loyalty to the emperor and expulsion of the foreigners
Hokkaido wolf (Canis lupus hattai, extinct)
appearing rustic; ancient song played at the court; comical tanka
Hokkaido brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis)
sargent cherry (Prunus sargentii)
Lyristes japonicus (species of cicada)
Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus); eleuthero; ciwujia
hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia)
lemon day-lily (Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus, formerly Hemerocallis flava); lemon lily; yellow day-lily
Pteromys volans orii (subspecies of the Siberian flying squirrel, endemic to Hokkaido)
barbaric custom; barbarian custom
late Edo-period pejorative for the Dutch; (lit.) red-haired barbarian
the barbarians beyond the borders of old China
controlling foreigners by foreigners; playing one barbarian state against another
willow-leafed magnolia (Magnolia salicifolia); anise magnolia
Tamias sibiricus lineatus (subspecies of Siberian chipmunk native to Hokkaido)
sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)
Japanese sable (subspecies of sable native to Hokkaido, Martes zibellina brachyura)
chives (Allium schoenoprasum var. schoenoprasum)
Ezo neptune (species of whelk, Neptunea polycostata)
Middendorf's whelk (Buccinum middendorffi)
double-sculptured neptune (species of whelk, Neptunea intersculpta)
arthritic neptune (species of whelk, Neptunea arthritica)
Pacific silverweed (Potentilla egedii var. grandis); Eged's silverweed
Siberian lily (Lilium pensylvanicum)
black-veined white (species of butterfly, Aporia crataegi)
yellow-winged darter (Sympetrum flaveolum)
Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis (subspecies of northern pika)
day lily (Hemerocallis dumortieri); orange-yellow day lily; Nikko day lily
bird cherry (Prunus padus)
Epipactis papillosa (species of orchid)
Angelica ursina (species of perennial herb)
Japanese hackberry (Celtis jessoensis); Jesso hackberry
wedgeleaf primrose (Primula cuneifolia); pixie-eye primrose