indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
suffix for familiar person
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
nonchalant; unconcerned; in a casual manner
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
thump-thump; bang-bang; pit-a-pat; to beat fast (of one's heart); to throb; to pound
honorific/polite/humble prefix
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
adds force or indicates command
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very