indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
empty air; sky; shunyata; emptiness; air force; fruitlessness; meaninglessness
suffix for familiar person
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
in this way; thus; such; uh...
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
deep in the mountains; mountain recesses
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup); Italian ice; snow cone; sno-cone
yakisoba; fried noodles, usu. with vegetables and meat
ramen; Chinese-style noodles
watermelon splitting (game)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?