to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
lack of sleep; insufficient sleep
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
suffix for familiar person
how about ...?; I wonder; I don't know
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
boss; leader; head; boss (difficult enemy, usu. at the end of a section or level)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
elm bark clothes traditionally worn by the Ainu; elm bark textile
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
it doesn't matter what; anything is fine
handmade; homegrown; hand-crafted; homemade
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
alone; by oneself; on one's own
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force or indicates command
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
division of labour; division of labor; splitting into groups (e.g. to search)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself