to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
review (of learned material); revision
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
creator (of a work); author; writer; artist; composer; playwright
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
protagonist; main character; hero(ine) (of a story); head of household
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to represent; to signify; to reveal; to show; to express; to make widely known
techniques (of expression)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible