that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
engine; agency; organisation; system; facility
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
entry to school or university; matriculation; enrolment (in university, etc.) (enrollment)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
sure; no mistaking it; for certain; without doubt
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
(social) standing; status; identity; birth; one's circumstances; one's means
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
if only (you) have; as long as (you) have; whenever (you) have
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
than; from; out of; except; but; more
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
very young; little; childish; immature
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category